According to a study for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ on the status of marine fish in the Mediterranean Sea, almost half of the species of sharks and rays (cartilaginous fish) and at least 12 species of bony fish are threatened with extinction due to overfishing, marine habitat degradation and pollution.
Commercial species like Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus), Dusky Grouper (Epinephelus marginatus), Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) or Hake (Merluccius merluccius) are considered Threatened or Near Threatened with extinction at the regional level mainly due to overfishing.
“The Mediterranean and Eastern Atlantic population of the Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) is of particular concern. There has been an estimated 50% decline in this species’ reproduction potential over the past 40 years due to intensive overfishing,” says Kent Carpenter, IUCN Global Marine Species Assessment Coordinator. “The lack of compliance with current quotas combined with wide-spread under-reporting of the catch may have undermined conservation efforts for this species in the Mediterranean.”
The use of fishing gear, such as fishing lines, gill or trawling nets, and the illegal use of driftnets means that hundreds of marine animals with no commercial value are captured, threatening populations of many species of sharks, rays and other fish, as well as other marine animals including dolphins, whales, turtles and birds.
“The use of trawling nets is one of the main problems for conservation and sustainability of many marine species,” says Maria del Mar Otero, IUCN-Med Marine Programme Officer. “Because it is not a selective technique, it captures not only the target fish but also a high number of other species while also destroying the sea bottom, where many fish live, reproduce and feed.”
The study emphasizes the need to reinforce fishing regulations, create new marine reserves, reduce pollution and review fishing quotas, in particular the number of captures allowed for threatened species.
“Responsible consumption is one of the ways in which we can all contribute to the conservation of many marine species,” says Catherine Numa, IUCN-Med Species Programme Officer. “Based on the findings of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, we hope that politicians will make the appropriate decisions to secure this important food source for the future, whilst protecting and valuing the biological diversity of the planet at the same time.”
This is the first comprehensive regional IUCN Red List assessment of the native marine fish species for an entire sea. The report also highlights the substantial lack of information on the conservation status of nearly one third of these Mediterranean marine fish (which were assessed as Data Deficient), a significant proportion of which are considered endemic to the region. Further research may show that the Data Deficient group could in fact include a large proportion of threatened fish. Increased funding and research, therefore, need to be directed towards such Data Deficient species.
About the Study:
Title of the Study: “Overview of the Conservation Status of the Marine Fishes of the Mediterranean Sea”
Compiled by: Dania Abdul Malak, Suzanne R. Livingstone, David Pollard, Beth A. Polidoro, Annabelle Cuttelod, Michel Bariche, Murat Bilecenoglu, Kent E. Carpenter, Bruce B. Collette, Patrice Francour, Menachem Goren, Mohamed Hichem Kara, Enric Massutí, Costas Papaconstantinou and Leonardo Tunesi
Published by IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, and Malaga, Spain
Check the following link to read/download Full Study:
http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/overview_of_the_conservation_status_of_the_marine
_fishes_of_the_mediterranean_sea_rep.pdf
About IUCN
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is the world’s oldest and largest global environmental network – a democratic membership union with more than 1,000 government and NGO member organizations, and almost 11,000 volunteer scientists in more than 160 countries. The Union’s headquarters are located in Gland, near Geneva, Switzerland.
IUCN helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges. It supports scientific research, manages field projects all over the world and brings governments, non-government organizations, United Nations agencies, companies and local communities together to develop and implement policy, laws and best practice. For more information, visit www.iucn.org.
Source: IUCN Press Release dated April 19, 2011.
