Brussels – Six countries – Japan, the United States, Germany, Republic of Korea, France and the United Kingdom – are the source of almost 80 percent of all innovations developed worldwide in the field of Clean Energy Technologies (CETs). This is one of the key findings of a patent-based study, jointly conducted by the European Patent Office (EPO), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD), on the emergence and distribution of these technologies across the globe and their impact on climate change.
Some 400,000 patent documents identified from a pool of 60 million patents at the international level form the basis of the study, “Patents and Clean Energy: Bridging the Gap between Evidence and Policy”, which examines the effect of patents on the worldwide transfer of CETs, such as solar photovoltaic (PV), geothermal, wind, and carbon capture. The study also contains the first-ever survey on licensing, which provides insights into the licensing practices of technology holders in this area.
The main objective of the study is to provide facts in an area where there has previously been very little empirical data.
“The joint study is both exemplary and ground-breaking in its cross-sector collaboration to deliver results that have a direct benefit to society,” said EPO President Benoît Battistelli. “Patents play a key role in providing information about existing technologies, the level of their development and geographic spread. This information facilitates an informed debate on climate change.”
“Far from being a drag on economies and innovation, international efforts to combat climate change have sparked technological creativity on low-carbon, resource-efficient Green Economy solutions. The challenge now is to find ways in which these advances can be diffused, spread and transferred everywhere so that the benefits to both economies and the climate are shared by the many rather than the few,” said Achim Steiner, UN Under-Secretary General and Executive Director of UNEP.
“A massive scale-up of use and diffusion of clean energy technologies globally, and in particular to developing countries, is imperative for effective climate change mitigation and adaptation. This study provides evidence and key insights towards a better understanding of the challenges facing this objective,” said ICTSD Chief Executive Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz.
Surge of Patenting Since the Kyoto Protocol
The study shows clearly that the surge of patenting activity in CETs coincided with the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, providing a strong indication that political decisions can be important in creating a framework to stimulate the development of technologies which are considered to be crucial to the efforts to address climate change. The statistical analysis of the data shows that patenting rates in the selected clean energy technologies have increased roughly 20 percent per year since then, outpacing the traditional energy sources of fossil fuels and nuclear energy.
Among the six OECD countries that dominate the CET field, Japan leads the way, followed by the United States and Germany. The Republic of Korea – focusing largely on solar PV – is also a key player, showing a considerable increase in patenting in recent years. The field is rounded off by France and the United Kingdom. Moreover, China is partly following in Korea’s footsteps, emerging as a strong player in the field of solar PV.
Untapped Licensing Potential towards Developing Countries
The survey found that there was limited licensing activity in entities in developing countries and this was confined mainly to China, India and Brazil. However, 70 percent of the survey’s respondents were prepared to offer more flexible terms when licensing in developing countries with limited financial capacity. The survey also indicates that intellectual property rights, alongside other macro-economic factors, are important for respondents when licensing to developing countries.
Public Access to State-of-the-Art Technology
In the process of the data collection for the study, the EPO created a free, easy-to-use digital information tool, which provides simplified and free access to all patent documents related to CETs worldwide, creating a whole new level of transparency in the CET sector.
Understanding the role of CETs and their dissemination can potentially play a large role in efforts to help mitigate climate change. By taking the lead in launching a large-scale study into the effects of patents on CETs, the EPO, UNEP and ICTSD have shown their willingness to use their position as expert organizations in their respective fields to collaborate and provide data that will create more transparency and a factual basis for negotiations on climate change, particularly on enhancing and accelerating the transfer of these critical clean technologies.
Click here to read the Full Report:
http://www.unep.org/…/patents_clean_energy_brochure_en.pdf
The report can also be downloaded from www.epo.org/clean-energy.
