Canada’s Arctic Archipelago glaciers will melt faster than ever in the next few centuries. Research by European funded scientists has shown that 20 per cent of the Canadian Arctic glaciers may have disappeared by the end of this century which would amount to an additional sea level rise of 3.5 cm.
The results of the research, part of the EU funded Ice2Sea programme, has been published in Geophysical Research Letters, and is also available online.
The researchers developed a climate model for the island group of the north of Canada in which they simulated the shrinking and growing of glaciers in this area.
The researchers show that the model correctly “predicted” the ice mass loss measured over the last ten years and then used the same model to project the effect of future climate change on Canada’s Arctic Archipelago glaciers.
The most important result of the research is it shows the probable irreversibility of the melting process, according to lead author Dr. Jan Lenaerts of Utrecht University who says, “Even if we assume that global warming is not happening quite so fast, it is still highly likely that the ice is going to melt at an alarming rate. The chances of it growing back are very slim.”
One of the main reasons for the irreversibility lies in the fact that snow melting on tundra, and sea ice loss from around the glaciers, actually reinforce regional warming, with significant consequences on the glaciers of Northern Canada. Snow and sea ice reflect the sunlight, and when the snow and sea ice have disappeared, a large part of the sunlight will be absorbed by the land and the sea, which will significantly increase the local temperature.
In one scenario, 20 per cent of volume of the glaciers disappears by the end of this century. In this scenario, the average global temperature increases by 3 degrees Centigrade but the rise in temperature around Canadian ice caps is 8 degrees Centigrade. Dr. Lenaerts emphasises this is not an extreme scenario.
Canada’s Arctic Archipelago glaciers represent the third largest ice body in the world after Greenland and the Antarctic. Should the Canadian ice caps melt completely, the global average sea level will rise by 20 centimetres. Since the year 2000, the temperature in this area has risen by 1 to 2 degrees Centigrade and the ice volume has already significantly decreased. If a fifth of the Canadian ice caps have melted by the end of this century, this leads to an additional sea level rise of 3.5 cm.
Co-author Professor Michiel van den Broeke of Utrecht University says, “Most attention goes out to Greenland and Antarctica which is understandable because they are the two largest ice bodies in the world. However, with this research we want to show that the Canadian ice caps should be included in the calculations.”
Professor David Vaughan, Programme Leader of Ice2Sea, who is based at the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) in Cambridge, says, “The Canadian archipelago is an area where climate is changing rapidly, and the glaciers here contain enough ice that we should not ignore their contribution to sea level rise. Added to glaciers in Alaska, the Russian Arctic and Patagonia, these apparently small contributions add up to significant sea level rise. A key success of this study was in showing that the model performed well in reproducing recently observed changes. That success gives us confidence in how the model predicts future changes.”
Details of the Study:
Source: British Antarctic Survey (BAS).
Notes:
Ice2Sea brings together the EU’s scientific and operational expertise from 24 leading institutions across Europe and beyond. Improved projections of the contribution of ice to sea level rise produced by this major European-funded programme will inform the fifth IPCC report (due in 2013). In 2007, the fourth Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report highlighted ice sheets as the most significant remaining uncertainty in projections of sea level rise. An ice cap is a form of glacier in which the ice flows to the sea in many directions.
